GH4099性能(neng)及介紹
GH4099是Ni-Cr基沉(chen)淀(dian)硬(ying)化(hua)(hua)型變形高(gao)溫合(he)(he)金，長期(qi)使用(yong)溫度(du)(du)可達(da)900攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)以下，短時高(gao)溫度(du)(du)可達(da)1000攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)。合(he)(he)金加(jia)(jia)入鎢、鉬、鉻和(he)(he)(he)鈷等元(yuan)素(su)進(jin)行固溶強化(hua)(hua)，加(jia)(jia)入鋁和(he)(he)(he)鈦和(he)(he)(he)鈮(ni)等元(yuan)素(su)形成沉(chen)淀(dian)硬(ying)化(hua)(hua)相，加(jia)(jia)入微量硼和(he)(he)(he)鈰(shi)元(yuan)素(su)進(jin)行晶界強化(hua)(hua)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)強化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)明顯。合(he)(he)金具有較高(gao)的(de)熱強性(xing)、組織穩(wen)定、并具有良好(hao)的(de)冷熱加(jia)(jia)工成型性(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)焊(han)接性(xing)能(neng)。
二、GH4099應(ying)用(yong)和特性：
GH4099合金發動機可調噴(pen)口殼體、加(jia)力筒體等零部件。鍛制棒材已使(shi)用(yong)于燃(ran)氣輪機的結(jie)構(gou)部件。
三、GH4099相近型(xing)號：

四、GH4099化學成分：

五、GH4099材質規格：
熱扎(zha)棒10~100mm,鍛制棒：100mm~350mm,冷扎薄板0.05mm-4.0mm,熱扎板:4mm~14mm,帶2mm-10mm,各尺寸規格鍛件環件，庫存個別型號不定尺。
六、GH4099物理性能：

七(qi)、GH4099力學性能:

七、GH4099加工處理和焊接性(xing)能:
合金可(ke)與GH3030、GH3044、GH3128等組合進行氬弧焊和縫焊。十字塔接焊接裂紋傾向性小于15，可以用手工氬弧焊、自動鎢極氬弧焊、縫焊和點焊等方式進行連接。電阻焊接的待焊表面須進行suan洗。

在許多專業機械設備和大型結構件的制造行業里，碳鋼板的使用相當廣泛，比如在工程、能源、礦業機械行業，不少產品采用厚度為6～20mm的鋼板，這類鋼板有些是不帶中空的平板料，而大多數則是孔洞率達30%的板料，其規格及尺寸因產品和用途而異，小到長寬尺寸不足100mm，大到長10m、寬1～2m，尺寸規格不一而足。這些碳鋼板經過等離子切割或氧氣切割等方式下料后，在切割邊沿留下形態各異的飛邊、熔渣和毛刺，這些熔渣、毛刺是必須去除的（圖1），銳邊也必須倒圓角處理。

人工研磨處理

目前，大(da)多數(shu)企業對熱切割后的(de)碳鋼板進(jin)(jin)行(xing)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)表面(mian)處理，主(zhu)要采(cai)用(yong)手砂輪(lun)、刮刀、鋼錘等手工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)式(shi)、掃磨(mo)式(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。這種打(da)磨(mo)方(fang)式(shi)存在(zai)的(de)弊(bi)端有(you)：⑴品質(zhi)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，打(da)磨(mo)的(de)均勻性和徹底性差(cha)（圖2），影響后續的(de)折彎、噴(pen)涂等工(gong)(gong)序以及產品的(de)整體外觀與(yu)內(nei)在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)。⑵效(xiao)率(lv)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)打(da)磨(mo)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)很(hen)難掌握和統計，完全(quan)依靠員工(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作狀態(tai)和熟練度，且效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)保障性差(cha)。⑶環保問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，敲(qiao)擊(ji)(ji)和打(da)磨(mo)的(de)粉塵與(yu)碎渣四(si)濺，嚴重(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)工(gong)(gong)作區域內(nei)外的(de)大(da)氣質(zhi)量(liang)和環境。⑷勞保問(wen)(wen)(wen)題，空(kong)氣的(de)污(wu)染(ran)是主(zhu)要的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題。此外，研(yan)磨(mo)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)產生的(de)飛渣和搬(ban)運(yun)笨重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)是造成員工(gong)(gong)人(ren)身(shen)傷(shang)害事故的(de)重(zhong)大(da)隱患。

機械研磨處理

近年來(lai)，有些企業也試圖采用機械方(fang)式處理工件的(de)熔渣和毛(mao)刺問題(ti)。從目前(qian)的(de)市場(chang)來(lai)看，大(da)致有兩種解決方(fang)案。

第(di)一(yi)種是傳統(tong)的(de)(de)干法單(dan)面研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)方(fang)案，通過式(shi)持(chi)續送(song)料研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)，工(gong)(gong)作臺面頂部(bu)設置若干研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)(gong)位即打磨(mo)(mo)(mo)頭，采(cai)用(yong)相似的(de)(de)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)介(jie)質對工(gong)(gong)件(jian)做持(chi)續性(xing)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)介(jie)質基本上(shang)屬(shu)于布基砂(sha)帶(dai)及其變種的(de)(de)打磨(mo)(mo)(mo)頭（圖3），這類打磨(mo)(mo)(mo)頭在研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)頑(wan)固的(de)(de)熔渣時(shi)(shi)，砂(sha)帶(dai)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命將(jiang)大(da)打折(zhe)扣，去毛(mao)刺加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)30～50小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)壽命，一(yi)旦(dan)做去除熔渣處理(li)則立(li)即縮減為10小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)以內，不(bu)僅耗材(cai)成本大(da)，更換耗材(cai)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間和頻率所造成的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間浪費更是巨大(da)。另外(wai)，一(yi)般情況下(xia)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)需(xu)要(yao)雙面加工(gong)(gong)處理(li)，使用(yong)這種單(dan)面研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)方(fang)案，單(dan)面打磨(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)需(xu)要(yao)翻轉并二次(ci)進料才可完成最終的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求，大(da)大(da)降低了加工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率。

第(di)(di)二(er)種是(shi)(shi)目前最為(wei)領先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干法雙(shuang)面加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，生產線(xian)式(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，通(tong)過(guo)式(shi)持(chi)續(xu)送料研磨(mo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件由若(ruo)干組(zu)上(shang)(shang)下相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾持(chi)輥筒夾持(chi)，通(tong)過(guo)機(ji)體內(nei)部上(shang)(shang)下對稱(cheng)分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)頭分(fen)別(bie)進(jin)行(xing)去(qu)除熔(rong)渣、去(qu)毛刺(ci)、倒(dao)圓角處理（圖4）。這(zhe)種加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢可圈可點：第(di)(di)一(yi)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)果(guo)徹(che)底、干凈(jing)，無殘存熔(rong)渣和毛刺(ci)。第(di)(di)二(er)，單件與整批(pi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面處理效(xiao)果(guo)一(yi)致，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)無法比擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。第(di)(di)三(san)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率高(gao)，采用雙(shuang)面同時加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)技術，比傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)提升(sheng)效(xiao)率至少60%，以尺寸為(wei)400mm×100mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件為(wei)例，一(yi)般加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求下，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺寬為(wei)1500mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產線(xian)每小(xiao)時加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件數達(da)1600件，產能是(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40～50倍(bei)，是(shi)(shi)傳統機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5～7倍(bei)。第(di)(di)四(si)，節(jie)約大(da)量人(ren)力資源，生產線(xian)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，只需在(zai)上(shang)(shang)下料側配備2名(ming)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)就可達(da)到四(si)五(wu)十(shi)名(ming)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)才能達(da)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產能。第(di)(di)五(wu)，節(jie)能環保(bao)，生產線(xian)配置了高(gao)效(xiao)除塵系統，研磨(mo)粉塵嚴格(ge)控制在(zai)機(ji)體內(nei)部并被除塵機(ji)完全收(shou)集，粉塵氣(qi)體經過(guo)過(guo)濾可以直排。然而，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產線(xian)價格(ge)高(gao)昂，對于一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)小(xiao)企業來說無疑是(shi)(shi)一(yi)筆(bi)不(bu)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用。

由此可見，傳統的機械式打磨無(wu)法(fa)從根本上滿足技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)批(pi)量要求，而先進的生產(chan)工藝裝備(bei)雖然完全滿足技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)批(pi)量要求，但是高額(e)的設備(bei)投入只能把一些想有(you)作(zuo)為但實(shi)力有(you)限的企(qi)業拒之(zhi)門外。

2)國外注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重面(mian)向(xiang)聽障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)微課相(xiang)關(guan)教學(xue)視(shi)(shi)頻資源的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)策略(lve)集效果(guo)的(de)研(yan)究，在應用(yong)(yong)(yong)策略(lve)研(yan)究方面(mian)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重：①提供視(shi)(shi)覺(jue)的(de)創造性教學(xue)及媒體服務(wu)；②注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重聽障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)參與協作能力的(de)發展；③注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重視(shi)(shi)覺(jue)資源的(de)平臺建設；④注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重視(shi)(shi)頻資源在聽障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)學(xue)生(sheng)評價方面(mian)的(de)研(yan)究；⑤在應用(yong)(yong)(yong)效果(guo)方面(mian)的(de)研(yan)究則注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重教學(xue)視(shi)(shi)頻資源在課堂教學(xue)中的(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)究。

多工位干法單面綜合處理

2018年10月，在歐洲最大的(de)(de)鈑金加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)與裝備(bei)展覽會EUROBLECH上，我(wo)們看到了(le)一(yi)(yi)款新(xin)型的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)——多(duo)工(gong)位(wei)干法單面綜合加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)（圖5）。時隔不(bu)久，這款攜帶(dai)最新(xin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)理念和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)特色的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)被(bei)引(yin)入中(zhong)國(guo)市場。該設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)基本設(she)(she)計理念是，把前沿的(de)(de)熔渣去(qu)除技(ji)(ji)術(shu)和毛刺(ci)、銳邊打磨倒鈍技(ji)(ji)術(shu)巧妙地融(rong)合在一(yi)(yi)個加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)平臺(tai)上，從而在一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設(she)(she)備(bei)上實現一(yi)(yi)次進(jin)料同時完成去(qu)除熔渣、去(qu)除毛刺(ci)、銳邊倒圓角等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程，滿足了(le)原來由一(yi)(yi)條生產線才(cai)能(neng)完成的(de)(de)多(duo)重加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)要求。

這臺(tai)新(xin)設(she)備采用(yong)了三工(gong)(gong)(gong)位加工(gong)(gong)(gong)布局，第一工(gong)(gong)(gong)位采用(yong)兩(liang)條特殊鋼(gang)材料制成的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)錘(chui)敲擊(ji)帶(dai)，通過(guo)水平相(xiang)向(xiang)敲擊(ji)式(shi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，達到(dao)(dao)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)熔渣(zha)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)；第二工(gong)(gong)(gong)位采用(yong)立式(shi)砂帶(dai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)磨(mo)技術(shu)，通過(guo)作用(yong)于工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)單向(xiang)、高速磨(mo)削，起(qi)到(dao)(dao)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)豎立的(de)(de)(de)毛刺或工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)清(qing)理(li)、研(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)；第三工(gong)(gong)(gong)位采用(yong)萬(wan)向(xiang)旋轉輥(gun)筒(tong)磨(mo)頭組(zu)合對工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行(xing)全覆蓋立體式(shi)研(yan)磨(mo)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，達到(dao)(dao)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)殘(can)余(yu)和二次毛刺的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，并使工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)內(nei)孔和外(wai)沿銳邊實現(xian)均勻一致的(de)(de)(de)倒圓角效果。三個工(gong)(gong)(gong)位可(ke)以(yi)并聯運作也可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)單獨控(kong)制，可(ke)以(yi)依(yi)據加工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求和工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不同原(yuan)始狀態，單獨調(diao)控(kong)其加工(gong)(gong)(gong)參數和加工(gong)(gong)(gong)模式(shi)。

新的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)必將帶來不同(tong)以(yi)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)效果，相比于傳統的(de)(de)(de)打(da)磨設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)來說，這臺新設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)破解了(le)熔渣(zha)去(qu)除的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝難題；相對于先進的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產線(xian)而(er)言，盡管其單(dan)面加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模式(shi)使之在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率(lv)(lv)上(shang)還無法與它匹(pi)敵，但是新的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術裝(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)集整個生(sheng)(sheng)產線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)三種加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功能(neng)和(he)研磨處理技術于一身，實現了(le)單(dan)機(ji)化、多目標的(de)(de)(de)集約式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)處理，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)大(da)大(da)節約了(le)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)地面積。據統計(ji)，新機(ji)器加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)300mm×200mm工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)達(da)到每小時(shi)(shi)800件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力，相當于同(tong)等時(shi)(shi)間20～30人手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)效率(lv)(lv)。更重要的(de)(de)(de)是，熔渣(zha)、毛(mao)刺去(qu)除得干凈徹底，圓角更加(jia)(jia)(jia)均勻，產品(pin)(pin)外觀(guan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)大(da)幅提(ti)升(sheng)（圖(tu)6），相對生(sheng)(sheng)產線(xian)而(er)言，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)采購成本也大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低。